Am Neujahrstag ist Tony Atkinson, der wohl bedeutendste Ungleichheitsforscher unserer Zeit, verstorben. Sein Werk prägte eine ganze Generation von Ungleichheitsforschern unter den Ökonomen. Noch im vorvergangenen Jahr veröffentlichte er das Buch “Inequality – What Can Be Done?”, in dem er wesentliche Befunde und Politikempfehlungen seines Forschungsprogramms zur ökonomischen Ungleichheit mit speziellem Fokus auf Großbritannien, zusammentrug. Wichtige Punkte finden sich hier im Blog zusammengefasst. Eine Auflistung von 15 zugespitzen Politikempfehlungen zur Reduzierung der Ungleichheit lässt sich hier und unten im Anhang nachlesen.
Anthony Atkinson hinterlässt in der Community der Ungleichheitsforscher*innen eine große Lücke. Er wird fehlen im Ringen um Aufklärung zur ökonomischen Ungleichheit.
Der Ungleichheitsforscher Thomas Piketty bezeichnet Atkinson in einem persönlichen Nachruf als radikalen Reformer und als “generous and rigourous scholar”, der ihn und andere Ungleichheitsforscher wie kein anderer inspiriert habe:
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In deutscher Übersetzung ist Pikettys Nachruf im Makronom-Magazin erschienen.
Zahlreiche persönliche Erinnerungen an Atkinson wurden auf den Seiten der London School of Economics gesammelt.
In Nachrufen in den großen Zeitungen wird Atkinson geehrt, darunter
- der Financial Times (Autor: Chris Giles)
Britain's dominant force in the study of inequality – Tony Atkinson https://t.co/3OnPEllA21 pic.twitter.com/3rjG1Fw78d
— Chris Giles (@ChrisGiles_) 2. Januar 2017
- dem Economist
- der New York Times (Sewell Chan)
- dem Guardian (Nicholas Stern)
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der FAZ (Alexander Armbruster und Gerald Braunberger)
Tony Atkinson hat wie wenige andere die Wirtschaftslehre vorangebracht. Ein Nachruf von @AlaArmbruster. https://t.co/4R5AddBexE
— FAZ.NET (@faznet) 2. Januar 2017
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sowie der taz (Ulrike Herrmann)
Der britische Ökonom hat die ungleiche Verteilung der Einkommen erforscht. Nun ist Tony Atkinson gestorben https://t.co/tYkJiZcLJL
— taz (@tazgezwitscher) 2. Januar 2017
Viele Ökonomen und Autoren äußerten sich betroffen auf Twitter und bekundeten ihre Wertschätzung für den britischen Forscher, darunter
- der US-Ökonom und Kolumnist der New York Times Paul Krugman:
RIP Tony Atkinson -- pioneer in inequality research, founder of LIS, and a wonderful person. A tragic loss. https://t.co/uuj1DPssjS
— Paul Krugman (@paulkrugman) 1. Januar 2017
- der profilierte Ungleichheitsforscher Branko Milanovic, dessen neues Buch gerade in deutscher Übersetzung erschienen ist:
Huge loss for economics & especially for econ of inequality, as Tony Atkinson, one of the all-time greats, passes.https://t.co/qPgSr1oGE6
— Branko Milanovic (@BrankoMilan) 1. Januar 2017
- der niederländische Ökonom Robert Went:
Sad news! RIP economist Tony Atkinson, author of one of the best books I know on what can be done against inequality https://t.co/n7dguSxWsz
— Robert Went (@went1955) 1. Januar 2017
- Gabriel Zucman, Schüler von Thomas Piketty – also sozusagen die dritte Generation von Ungleichheitsforschern seit Atkinson:
Terrible news. Tony was a giant, the godfather of modern inequality studies, a mentor to many. Will be missed enormously. https://t.co/SKyXt8fh2a
— Gabriel Zucman (@gabriel_zucman) 1. Januar 2017
- der Steuerflucht-Forscher Alex Cobham:
Very sad news: Tony Atkinson 1944-2017. Suspect there may never be a more important and insightful economist of inequality than he.
— Alex Cobham (@alexcobham) 1. Januar 2017
Atkinson in 1960s made all the serious critiques of inequality measures such as the Gini, and then led decades of work in improving data
— Alex Cobham (@alexcobham) 1. Januar 2017
And Atkinson was absolutely clear on the centrality of tax measures both standard + innovative to tackle inequality https://t.co/8AfBzJo5Ok
— Alex Cobham (@alexcobham) 1. Januar 2017
- der Autor des New Yorker John Cassidy:
RIP Sir Tony Atkinson, a great economist who combined a mastery of theory with a deep commitment to empirical work & policy issues. 1/2
— John Cassidy (@JohnCassidy) 1. Januar 2017
2/2 Was a world leader in documenting and studying inequality. Here are 15 of his proposals on how to tackle it.
— John Cassidy (@JohnCassidy) 1. Januar 2017
https://t.co/o8DVIcVSlv
- der “Economics Editor” der Financial Times Chris Giles:
Very sad to hear of the death of Tony Atkinson, one of Britain's best economists
— Chris Giles (@ChrisGiles_) 1. Januar 2017
- DIW-Chef Marcel Fratzscher:
Verlust einer kritischen Stimme zur #Ungleichheit als zentrales soz. & wirtsch. Problem. Nachruf auf Tony Atkinson: https://t.co/1Eia5PU2H4
— Marcel Fratzscher (@MFratzscher) 2. Januar 2017
- sowie der Direktor des gewerkschaftsnahen Instituts IMK, Gustav Horn:
What a sad day. Tony #Atkinson passed away. I have been honoured to have had him as a teacher at #LSE . https://t.co/hOyPncCMzX
— Gustav A. Horn (@GustavAHorn) 2. Januar 2017
The 15 Proposals from Tony Atkinson’s ‘Inequality – What can be done?’
Source: http://www.tony-atkinson.com/the-15-proposals-from-tony-atkinsons-inequality-what-can-be-done/
Proposal 1: The direction of technological change should be an explicit concern of policy-makers, encouraging innovation in a form that increases the employability of workers and emphasises the human dimension of service provision.
Proposal 2: Public policy should aim at a proper balance of power among stakeholders, and to this end should
(a) introduce an explicitly distributional dimension into competition policy;
(b) ensure a legal framework that allows trade unions to represent workers on level terms; and
(c) establish, where it does not already exist, a Social and Economic Council involving the social partners and other nongovernmental bodies.
Proposal 3: The government should adopt an explicit target for preventing and reducing unemployment and underpin this ambition by offering guaranteed public employment at the minimum wage to those who seek it.
Proposal 4: There should be a national pay policy, consisting of two elements: a statutory minimum wage set at a living wage, and a code of practice for pay above the minimum, agreed as part of a “national conversation” involving the Social and Economic Council.
Proposal 5: The government should offer via national savings bonds a guaranteed positive real rate of interest on savings, with a maximum holding per person.
Proposal 6: There should be a capital endowment (minimum inheritance) paid to all at adulthood.
Proposal 7: A public Investment Authority should be created, operating a sovereign wealth fund with the aim of building up the net worth of the state by holding investments in companies and in property.
Proposal 8: We should return to a more progressive rate structure for the personal income tax, with marginal rates of tax increasing by ranges of taxable income, up to a top rate of 65 per cent, accompanied by a broadening of the tax base.
Proposal 9: The government should introduce into the personal income tax an Earned Income Discount, limited to the first band of earnings.
Proposal 10: Receipts of inheritance and gifts inter vivos should be taxed under a progressive lifetime capital receipts tax.
Proposal 11: There should be a proportional, or progressive, property tax based on up-to-date property assessments.
Proposal 12: Child Benefit should be paid for all children at a substantial rate and should be taxed as income.
Proposal 13: A participation income should be introduced at a national level, complementing existing social protection, with the prospect of an EU-wide child basic income.
Proposal 14 (alternative to 13): There should be a renewal of social insurance, raising the level of benefits and extending their coverage.
Proposal 15: Rich countries should raise their target for Official Development Assistance to 1 per cent of Gross National Income.
Alongside these proposals are several possibilities to explore further:
Idea to pursue: a thoroughgoing review of the access of households to the credit market for borrowing not secured on housing.
Idea to pursue: examination of the case for an “income-tax-based” treatment of contributions to private pensions, along the lines of present “privileged” savings schemes, which would bring forward the payment of tax.
Idea to pursue: a re-examination of the case for an annual wealth tax and the prerequisites for its successful introduction.
Idea to pursue: a global tax regime for personal taxpayers, based on total wealth.
Idea to pursue: a minimum tax for corporations.
Source: http://www.tony-atkinson.com/the-15-proposals-from-tony-atkinsons-inequality-what-can-be-done/
Hinweis: Die Liste der Nachrufe wurde am 6. und 10. Januar ergänzt
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